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This book explores the co-dependency of monotheism and idolatry by examining the thought of several prominent twentieth-century Jewish philosophers—Cohen, Buber, Rosenzweig, and Levinas. While all of these thinkers were keenly aware of the pitfalls of scriptural theism, to differing degrees they each succumbed to the temptation to personify transcendence, even as they tried either to circumvent or to restrain it by apophatically purging kataphatic descriptions of the deity. Derrida and Wyschogrod, by contrast, carried the project of denegation one step further, embarking on a path that culminated in the aporetic suspension of belief and the consequent removal of all images from God, a move that seriously compromises the viability of devotional piety.The inquiry into apophasis, transcendence, and immanence in these Jewish thinkers is symptomatic of a larger question. Recent attempts to harness the apophatic tradition to construct a viable postmodern negative theology, a religion without religion, are not radical enough. Not only are these philosophies of transcendence guilty of a turn to theology that defies the phenomenological presupposition of an immanent phenomenality, but they fall short on their own terms, inasmuch as they persist in employing metaphorical language that personalizes transcendence and thereby runs the risk of undermining the irreducible alterity and invisibility attributed to the transcendent other.The logic of apophasis, if permitted to run its course fully, would exceed the need to posit some form of transcendence that is not ultimately a facet of immanence. Apophatic theologies, accordingly, must be supplanted by a more far-reaching apophasis that surpasses the theolatrous impulse lying coiled at the crux of theism, an apophasis of apophasis, based on accepting an absolute nothingness—to be distinguished from the nothingness of an absolute—that does not signify the unknowable One but rather the manifold that is the pleromatic abyss at being’s core. Hence, the much-celebrated metaphor of the gift must give way to the more neutral and less theologically charged notion of an unconditional givenness in which the distinction between giver and given collapses. To think givenness in its most elemental, phenomenological sense is to allow the apparent to appear as given without presuming a causal agency that would turn that given into a gift.

Jewish philosophy --- Apophasis. --- Edith Wyschogrod. --- Emmanuel Levinas. --- Franz Rosenzweig. --- Hermann Cohen. --- Jacques Derrida. --- Jean-Luc Marion. --- Martin Buber. --- Martin Heidegger. --- gift. --- imagination. --- immanence. --- phenomenology. --- secret. --- theolatry. --- theomania. --- time. --- transcendance. --- via negativa.

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In line with the emerging field of philosophy of mathematical practice, this book pushes the philosophy of mathematics away from questions about the reality and truth of mathematical entities and statements and toward a focus on what mathematicians actually do-and how that evolves and changes over time. How do new mathematical entities come to be? What internal, natural, cognitive, and social constraints shape mathematical cultures? How do mathematical signs form and reform their meanings? How can we model the cognitive processes at play in mathematical evolution? And how does mathematics tie together ideas, reality, and applications?Roi Wagner uniquely combines philosophical, historical, and cognitive studies to paint a fully rounded image of mathematics not as an absolute ideal but as a human endeavor that takes shape in specific social and institutional contexts. The book builds on ancient, medieval, and modern case studies to confront philosophical reconstructions and cutting-edge cognitive theories. It focuses on the contingent semiotic and interpretive dimensions of mathematical practice, rather than on mathematics' claim to universal or fundamental truths, in order to explore not only what mathematics is, but also what it could be. Along the way, Wagner challenges conventional views that mathematical signs represent fixed, ideal entities; that mathematical cognition is a rigid transfer of inferences between formal domains; and that mathematics' exceptional consensus is due to the subject's underlying reality.The result is a revisionist account of mathematical philosophy that will interest mathematicians, philosophers, and historians of science alike.

Mathematics --- Mathematics --- Benedetto. --- Black-Scholes formula. --- Eugene Wigner. --- Friedrich W.J. Schelling. --- George Lakoff. --- Gilles Deleuze. --- Hermann Cohen. --- Hilary Putnam. --- Johann G. Fichte. --- Logic of Sensation. --- Mark Steiner. --- Rafael Nez. --- Stanislas Dehaene. --- Vincent Walsh. --- Water J. Freeman III. --- abbaco. --- algebra. --- arithmetic. --- authority. --- cognitive theory. --- combinatorics. --- conceptual freedom. --- constraints. --- economy. --- gender role stereotypes. --- generating functions. --- geometry. --- inferences. --- infinities. --- infinity. --- mathematical cognition. --- mathematical concepts. --- mathematical cultures. --- mathematical domains. --- mathematical entities. --- mathematical evolution. --- mathematical interpretation. --- mathematical language. --- mathematical metaphor. --- mathematical norms. --- mathematical objects. --- mathematical practice. --- mathematical signs. --- mathematical standards. --- mathematical statements. --- mathematics. --- natural order. --- natural sciences. --- nature. --- negative numbers. --- number sense. --- option pricing. --- philosophy of mathematics. --- reality. --- reason. --- relevance. --- semiosis. --- sexuality. --- stable marriage problem. --- Philosophy --- History. --- History.

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Steven Wasserstrom undertakes a detailed analysis of the "creative symbiosis" that existed between Jewish and Muslim religious thought in the eighth through tenth centuries. Wasserstrom brings the disciplinary approaches of religious studies to bear on questions that have been examined previously by historians and by specialists in Judaism and Islam. His thematic approach provides an example of how difficult questions of influence might be opened up for broader examination.In Part I, "Trajectories," the author explores early Jewish-Muslim interactions, studying such areas as messianism, professions, authority, and class structure and showing how they were reshaped during the first centuries of Islam. Part II, "Constructions," looks at influences of Judaism on the development of the emerging Shi'ite community. This is tied to the wider issue of how early Muslims conceptualized "the Jew." In Part III, "Intimacies," the author tackles the complex "esoteric symbiosis" between Muslim and Jewish theologies. An investigation of the milieu in which Jews and Muslims interacted sheds new light on their shared religious imaginings. Throughout, Wasserstrom expands on the work of social and political historians to include symbolic and conceptual aspects of interreligious symbiosis. This book will interest scholars of Judaism and Islam, as well as those who are attracted by the larger issues exposed by its methodology.Originally published in 1995.The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

Islam --- Jews --- Judaism --- Relations --- Judaism. --- Intellectual life. --- Islam. --- History. --- Hebrews --- Israelites --- Jewish people --- Jewry --- Judaic people --- Judaists --- Ethnology --- Religious adherents --- Semites --- Religions --- Religion --- Adab (Islam). --- Ahmad al-Buni. --- Al-Amin. --- Al-Baladhuri. --- Al-Masudi. --- Allusion. --- Ancient Canaanite religion. --- Ancient Judaism (book). --- Arabic name. --- Arabs. --- Ark of the Covenant. --- B'nai Moshe. --- Bar Hebraeus. --- Baraita. --- Batiniyya. --- Berakhot (Talmud). --- Book of Daniel. --- Book of Leviticus. --- Comparative religion. --- Conversion to Judaism. --- Court Jew. --- Covenanter. --- Dual naming. --- Economy. --- Ethnic group. --- Ghulat. --- Halakha. --- Hanafi. --- Hebrew Bible. --- Hebrew name. --- Hermann Cohen. --- Homer. --- Husayn ibn Ali. --- Interfaith dialogue. --- Islam and the West. --- Islamic religious leaders. --- Islamic–Jewish relations. --- Israel. --- Israelites. --- Jewish Christian. --- Jewish diaspora. --- Jewish eschatology. --- Jewish history. --- Jewish leadership. --- Jewish mysticism. --- Jewish philosophy. --- Jewish prayer. --- Jewish religious movements. --- Jewish studies. --- Jews. --- Judah Halevi. --- Judeo-Christian. --- Julius Wellhausen. --- Karaite Judaism. --- Kitab al-Aghani. --- Kunya (Arabic). --- Law of Moses. --- Levantines (Latin Christians). --- Maimonides. --- Medium of exchange. --- Menahem. --- Merkava. --- Messianic Age. --- Messianism. --- Metatron. --- Moshe Gil. --- Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah. --- Muslim. --- Muslims (nationality). --- Nation state. --- Norman Stillman. --- Persian Jews. --- Quran. --- Quraysh. --- Rabbinic Judaism. --- Reconstructionist Judaism. --- Religion. --- Religious text. --- Sectarianism. --- Sefer (Hebrew). --- Semitic people. --- Shema Yisrael. --- Shia Islam. --- Sikhism. --- Solomon Zeitlin. --- Solomon ibn Gabirol. --- Spread of Islam. --- Sunni Islam. --- Talmud. --- The Jews of Islam. --- Third Heaven. --- Tosefta. --- Trade route. --- Umma. --- Yazidis. --- Yemenite Jews. --- Zerubbabel. --- Zionism.

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"In 1935, Adolf Hitler declared Munich the "Capital of the Movement." It was here that he developed his anti-Semitic beliefs and founded the Nazi party. Though Hitler's immediate milieu during the 1910s and 1920s has received ample attention, this book argues that the Munich of this period is worthy of study in its own right and that the changes the city underwent between 1918 and 1923 are absolutely crucial for understanding the rise of antisemitism and eventually Nazism in Germany. Before 1918, Munich had a decidedly cosmopolitan flavor, but its open atmosphere was shattered by the November Revolution of 1918-19. Jews were prominently represented among many of the European revolutions of the late 1910s and early 1920s, but nowhere did Jewish revolutionaries and government representatives appear in such high numbers as in Munich. The link between Jews and communist revolutionaries was especially strong in the minds of the city's residents. In the aftermath of the revolution and the short-lived Socialist regime that followed, the Jews of Munich experienced a massive backlash. The book unearths the story of Munich as ground zero for the racist and reactionary German Right, revealing how this came about and what it meant for those who lived through it"--

National socialism. --- Eisner, Kurt, --- Soviet Union --- History --- Influence. --- Adolf Hitler's rise to power. --- Adolf Hitler. --- Alfred Dreyfus. --- Alfred Wiener. --- Antisemitism (authors). --- Antisemitism. --- Anton Drexler. --- Arnold Zweig. --- Beer Hall Putsch. --- Bertolt Brecht. --- Blood libel. --- Christianity and antisemitism. --- Communist Party of Germany. --- Conservative Judaism. --- Dachau concentration camp. --- Dictionary of Received Ideas. --- Dietrich Eckart. --- Dreyfus affair. --- Enoch Powell. --- Ernst Kantorowicz. --- Ernst Toller. --- Fatherland (novel). --- Felix Fechenbach. --- Ferdinand Lassalle. --- Freikorps. --- Friedrich Meinecke. --- Fritz Gerlich. --- George D. Herron. --- George Mosse. --- German Christians. --- German Fatherland Party. --- German Revolution of 1918–19. --- Gershom Scholem. --- Gottfried Feder. --- Gustav Landauer. --- Gustav Ritter von Kahr. --- Hans Frank. --- Heinrich Himmler. --- Heinrich von Treitschke. --- Herbert Marcuse. --- Hermann Cohen. --- Herschel Grynszpan. --- Houston Stewart Chamberlain. --- Israelitisches Familienblatt. --- Jan Hus. --- Jewish Bolshevism. --- Jews. --- Joseph Roth. --- Joseph Wirth. --- Judaism. --- Julius Streicher. --- Kapp Putsch. --- Karl Hass. --- Karl Kautsky. --- Karl Liebknecht. --- Karl Mayr. --- Konrad Adenauer. --- Kurt Eisner. --- Kurt Tucholsky. --- Landsberg Prison. --- Leo Jogiches. --- Lion Feuchtwanger. --- Lujo Brentano. --- Magnus Hirschfeld. --- Martin Buber. --- Max Naumann. --- Max Weber. --- Mein Kampf. --- Meister Eckhart. --- Nachrichten. --- Nazi Party. --- Nazism. --- New antisemitism. --- On Religion. --- Oranienburg concentration camp. --- Orthodox Judaism. --- Oskar Maria Graf. --- Otto Strasser. --- Otto Weininger. --- Otto von Lossow. --- Pathogen. --- Pogrom. --- Pope Pius XII. --- Purim. --- Rivers of Blood speech. --- Rudolf Hilferding. --- Rudolf von Sebottendorf. --- Salman Schocken. --- Simplicissimus. --- Stab-in-the-back myth. --- The Fatherland. --- The Jewish Question. --- The Masses. --- The Rothschilds (musical). --- Theodor Lessing. --- Thule Society. --- Walther Rathenau. --- Weimar Republic. --- Wilhelm Frick. --- Zionism.

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the comparative study of religion --- Hinduism --- the Rig Veda --- the Brahmanas --- the Upanishads --- the yoga-sutra of Patanjali --- the Age of Ferment --- the Mahabharata of Vyasa --- the Bhagavad Gita --- the Ramayana of Valmiki --- the Shastras --- the Puranas --- the Tantras --- theology and philosophy in the Vedanta --- vernacular Hinduism in South India --- the Tevaram of Cuntarar --- the Periya Puranam of Cekkilar --- the Cilappatikaram of Ilanko Atikal --- the Tiruvaymoli of Nammalvar --- Shiva's warriors and wives in Kannada --- Basava and the Virashaivas --- Mahadeviyakka --- Telugu --- the Basava Purana of Palkuriki Somanatha --- Tirupati --- Annamayya --- Kshetrayya --- Rama --- Malayalam --- Kumaran Asan --- diaspora --- Hinduism in Cambodia, Java, and Bali --- vernacular Hinduism in North India --- the Bijak of Kabir --- Surdas --- Mirabai --- Tulsi Das --- Tukaram of Maharashtra --- Gods --- holy men --- caste and the Varkaris --- illusion and Bhakti --- Bengal --- Jayadeva --- Vidyapati --- Chandidas --- Govinda-Das --- Balarama-Das --- Chaitanya and Krishnadas Kaviraja --- Rupa Goswami --- Narottama Das --- Ketaka Das --- Ramprasad Sen --- Fakir Lalon Shah --- James Battery and W.H. Macnaghten --- Rammohun Roy --- Michael Madshusudan Datta --- Swami Vivekananda --- modernity --- folk Hinduism --- tribal Hinduism --- Dalit Hinduism --- Gujarat --- Nagaland --- Andhra Pradesh --- Adivasi Hinduism --- Gonds --- Rajnengi Pardhan --- Muria --- tribal groups --- Rabindranath Tagore --- Gitanjali --- Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi --- Prem Chand --- Nirala --- Mahasveta Devi --- Anantha Murthy --- Anumandla Bhumayya --- Vilas Sarang --- Salman Rushdie --- Purushottam Nagesh Oak --- Kancha Ilaiah --- A.K. Ramanujan --- the Agganna Sutta --- King Shibi --- the Shibi Jataka --- Prince Vessantara --- the Vessantara Jataka --- the Buddha --- the Ariyapariyesana Sutta --- the life of the Buddha --- the Nidanakatha --- the Buddha's final days --- the final Nirvana --- the Mahaparinibbana Sutta --- the Wheel of the Dharma --- the Dhammachakkappavattana Sutta --- the Tevijja Sutta --- mindfulness --- the Satipatthana Sutta --- the Dhammapada --- Buddhist philosophy --- the Atthakavagga --- the Rhinoceros Horn Sutta --- the Khaggavisana Sutta --- the Therigatha --- the Mangala Sutta --- Kunala --- legend of Ashoka --- the Ashokavadana --- the Metta Sutta --- Buddhaghosa --- path of purification --- the Visuddhimagga --- the law of karma --- Vasubandhu --- the Abhidharmakosha --- Mahayana Sutras --- the Lotus Sutra --- the Saddharmapundarika --- the Vimalakirti Sutra --- the Sukhavativyuha Sutra --- the Diamond Sutra --- the Vajracchedika Prajnaparamita --- the Tathagatagarbha Sutra --- the Heart Sutra --- the Prajnaparamitahridaya Sutra --- Nagarjuna --- the Madhyamakakarika --- the Catuhstava --- Matricheta --- Kanishka --- the Kanishkalekha --- Bodhisattva --- Shantideva --- the Bodhicaryavatara --- Kamalashila --- the Bhavanakrama --- Buddhist Tantra --- rebirth --- the Sarvadurgatiparishodhana Tantra --- the complete enlightenment of Vairochana --- the Vairochanabhisambodhi Tantra --- tantric masters --- Abhayadatta --- the Chaturashitisiddhaprevritti --- Virupa --- Saraha --- the twenty-one Taras --- Buddhism in China --- the Shishi'er Zhang Jing --- the Dasheng Qixin Lun --- faith and practice --- the Bodhi Tree --- Xuanzang --- the Da tang Xiyu Ji --- the Hongzan Fahua Zhuan --- the origins of Zen --- the Liuzu Tan Jing --- Linji --- the Linji Lu --- the Ten Kings of Hell --- the Shiwang Jing --- Dahui --- the Zhi Yue Lu --- Chinese pilgrims --- Wu Cheng'en --- the Xi You Ji --- Dharani Sutra --- Baiyi Dabei Wuyinxin Tuoluoni Jing --- Buddhism in Korea --- Wonhyo --- Palsim Suhaeng Chang --- Chinul --- Susim Kyeol --- Buddhism in Japan --- the esoteric --- Kukai --- the Benkenmitsu Nikyo Ron --- Amithaba's Vow --- Shinran --- Tannisho --- Dogen --- the Shobogenzo --- Nichiren --- the Rissho Ankokuron --- Muju Ichien --- Shasekishu --- Buppo Yume Monogatari --- Ikkyu --- Gaikotsu --- Hakuin --- Orategama --- Buddhism in Tibet --- Chekawa --- the Lojong Tsik Gyeme Drelpa --- Milerepa --- Tsangnyon Heruka --- the Mile Namtar --- Tsong kha pa --- the Lam Rim Chen Mo --- Mangtho Ludrup Gyatso --- Nyamlen Nyingpo --- Janggya --- Dende Silwa Derje Daser --- Patrul Rinpoche --- Kunzang Lame Shelung --- modern Buddhism --- Chicago --- Anagarika Dharmapala --- India --- B.R. Ambedkar --- meditation --- Mahasi Sayadaw --- Vipassana --- San Francisco Zen --- Shunryu Suzuki --- America --- Gary Snyder --- Nobel Peace Prize --- the Dalai Lama --- Daoism --- the Zhou Dynasty --- the Qin Dynasty --- the book of Master Mo --- Mozi --- Daode Jing --- Laozi --- the book of Master Zhuang --- Zhuangzi --- Master of Huainan --- Huainan-zi --- Neiye --- Zhouyi cantong qi --- the book of Master Han Fei --- Han Feizi --- Jielao --- Sima Tan --- Heshang gong --- the six lineages of thought --- Lun liujia yaozhi --- classical Daoism --- the Han Dynasty --- the Six Dynasties period --- Taiping jing --- Laozi ming --- Laozi bianhua jing --- Cao Zhi --- Taishan --- Xiang Kai --- Emperor Huan --- Buddhism and Daoism --- Wang Fu --- conversion --- Laozi xiang'er zhu --- Dadao jia lingjie --- Xuandu lüwen --- Taishang huangting neijing yujing --- Taishing lingbao wufu xu --- absorption of solar and lunar essences --- Huangdi jiuding shendan jing --- Ge Hong --- Baopu zi neipian --- Shenxian zhuan --- Li Changzai --- Zhang Ling --- Nüqing guilü --- the record of the ten continents --- the demon statutes of lady blue --- Shizhou ji --- Laojun shuo yibai bashi jie --- Dongyuan shenzhou jing --- Zhen'gao --- Master Zhou --- Zhoushi mingtong ji --- Tao Hongjing --- Huangtiang shangqing jinque dijun lingshu ziwen shangjing --- Jinque dijun sanyuan zhenyi jing --- Lingbao wuliang duren shangpin miaojing --- Mingzhen zhai --- Lu xiansheng daomen kelüe --- Lu Xiujing --- Dongxuann lingbao wugan wen --- Taishang laojun kaitian jing --- Daoxue zhuan --- Santian neijie jing --- Dazhong songzhang --- Liu Yiqing --- Shishuo xinyu --- Daoist talismans --- Zhen Luan --- Xiaodao lun --- the consolidation and expansion of Daoism --- the Sui Dynasty --- the Tang Dynasty --- Japan --- Tibet --- China --- Zhengyi fawen xiuzhen zhiyao --- Shangqing mingtang yuanzhen jingjue --- Zhang Wanfu --- Chuanshou sandong jingjie falu lüeshuo --- Xuanlan renniao shan jingtu --- Dongxuan lingbao sandong fengdao kejie yingshi --- Taishang laojun neiguan jing --- Shitou Xiqian --- Cantong qi --- Yan Zhenqing --- Jin zixu yuanjun ling shangzhen siming nanyue furen xiantan beiming --- Wu Yun --- Buxu Ci --- Li Bo --- Mount Tai --- Bo Juyi --- Li Ao --- Fuxing shu --- Guifeng Zongmi --- Yuanren lun --- Du Guangting --- Yoncheng jixian lu --- Wang Fajin --- Ms. Wang --- Mao Ying --- Wei of Nanyue --- Li Quan --- Shenxian ganyu zhuan --- Daojiao lingyan ji --- Foshuo sanchu jing --- Qincheng Mountain --- Xiu qincheng shan zhuguan gongde ji --- the Master of Yanling --- Yanling xiansheng ji xinjiu fuqi jing --- Yu Xuanji --- Shanshui --- Huangfu Mei --- Nihongi --- Kakinomoto No Asomi Hitomaro --- the palace at Yoshino --- Sango shiki --- Kyobu --- Kamsan monastery --- the Song Dynasty --- the Yuan Dynasty --- Jindan longhu jing --- Zhang Boduan --- Wuzhen pian --- Zeng bailongdong Liu daoren ge --- Zhou Dunyi --- Taijitu shuo --- Shao Yong --- Wuming jun zhuan --- Yuan Miaozong --- Zhenren --- Taishang zhuguo jiumin zongzhen biyao --- Hong Mai --- Yijian --- Yijian zhi --- Qinghe --- Qinghe neizhuan --- Daoist ritual --- Daofa huiyuan --- Lingbao heavens --- transcendent salvation --- Yuanshi lingbao ziran jiutian shenghua chaodu yinlian bijue --- Baj Yuchan --- Leifu zou shiyi xun danzhang --- Wang Qizhen --- Shangqing heaven --- Shangqing lingbao dafa --- Taishang ganying pian --- Wang Zhe --- Chongyang lijiao shiwu lun --- Li Zhichang --- Changchun zhenren xiyou ji --- the Palace of Eternal Joy --- Yuan Congyi --- You Tang Chunyang lü zhenren citang ji --- Wang E --- Dachao chongjian Chunyang wanshou gong zhi bei --- Wang Daoyuan --- Huandan biyao lun --- Zhongli of the Han --- Lan Caihe --- enlightenment --- Han Zhong Li dutuo Lan Caihe --- Samguk yusa --- Podok --- Koguryo --- Samguk sagi --- Yon Kaesomun --- standardization and unification of Daoism --- the Ming Dynasty --- the Qing Dynasty --- Beiyou ji --- Sanshan fudi zhi --- Hanshan Deqing --- the Laozi and Zhuangzi --- Matteo Ricci --- religious sects --- Taiyi jinhua zongzhi --- Fu Shan --- Duan Honglong --- He Longxiang --- female alchemy --- Nüdan hebian --- Zhang Sanfeng --- Caizhen jiyao --- Min Yide --- Jin'gai xindeng --- Zhao Daojian --- Wang Changyue --- the hermits of Huashan --- shamanistic exorcism --- the Daoist Wang --- Wang daoren daoxing bei --- modern Chinese history --- the Yao of Southeast Asia --- Alfred, Lord Tennyson --- Oscar Wilde --- Taoism --- Martin Buber --- Chuang Tzu --- Carl Gustav Jung --- Chen Yingning --- Koujoue gouxuan lu --- Fangnei Sanren --- Dachu su --- Yoshitoyo Yoshioka --- Daoist monastic life --- Paul Shih-yi Hsiao --- Heidegger --- the Daode Jing --- Xu Jianguao --- reactionary Daoist cults --- Mount Nanyue --- George Harrison --- Fritjof Capra --- modern physics and Eastern Mysticism --- Qian Zhongshi --- Guanzhui bian --- mystical philosophies --- communal ritual --- Putian, Fukian --- Penang, Malaysia --- Ursula K. Le Guin --- Tao Te Ching --- RZA --- the Wu-Tang Manual --- Confucianism --- the Chinese Daoist Association on Global Ecology --- Judaism --- Israel --- First Temple literature --- the Bible --- Enuma Elish --- the legend of Sargon --- Torah --- Genesis --- Adam and Eve in Eden --- Hagar --- Judah --- Exodus --- Moses --- Egypt --- Mount Sinai --- the Ten Commandments --- Leviticus --- Aaron --- Deuteronomy --- Josiah --- psalms --- prophets --- Hosea --- Amos --- the Israelites --- Isaiah --- Jeremiah --- Ezekiel --- the Valley of Bones --- Second Temple literature --- Job --- Satan --- God --- Ecclesiastes --- Daniel --- prophecy of the end of time --- Ben Sira --- Ecclesiasticus --- Maccabees --- Eleazar --- martyrdom --- Enoch --- the Apocalypse --- Judgment Day --- the Sabbath --- Dead Sea Scrolls --- the Yahad's rule --- the Damascus document --- Habbakuk --- the Kittim --- God's prophecy --- the War Scroll --- Jewish literature in Ancient Greek --- Letter of Aristeas (to Philocrates) --- Philo of Alexandria --- the divine laws --- Roman Egypt --- Flavius Josephus --- the Jewish War --- Judaea under Roman rule --- the Rabbis --- the oral Torah --- Pirkei Avot --- the chain of oral transmissions from Sinai --- sayings of the Rabbis --- Babylonian Talmud --- Menachot --- Yeshiva --- Tosefta Sotah --- Bava Batra --- Eruvin --- Tosefta Eduyot --- Bava Metzia --- 'Akhnai --- Avot de-Rabbi Nathan --- the first Rabbinic Academy --- Midrash --- Revelation --- law and legend --- the laws of Sabbath observance and work --- labour --- food --- Genesis Rabbah --- legends on the creation of the world --- the Hebrew letter 'Beth' --- legends on the binding of Isaac --- Pirkei de-Rabbi Eliezer --- Samael versus Abraham --- the Rabbis among Pagans and Jews --- the Rabbis and Greek culture --- Mishnah --- Avodah Zarah --- Aphrodite --- Jerusalem Talmud --- Berachot --- Lady Yaltha --- Lady Beruriah --- Sotah --- synagogue and liturgy --- Tosefta Megillah --- Smyrna --- Aleinu --- Kaddish --- Haggadah shel Pesach --- Lamentations Rabbah --- Sanhedrin --- Sefer Zerubbabel --- Tosefta Hagiga --- Aher --- the myth of Sar Torah --- Sefer Yetsirah --- numerology and Gematria --- the Jewish Middle Ages --- Joseph Ben Judah Ibn Aqnin --- Tibb al-Nufus --- philosophy --- Saadya Gaon --- Creatio ex Nihilo --- Salomon Ben Jeroham --- Milhamot ha-Shem --- Karaite --- Sa'adiah --- Judah Halevi --- the Kuzari --- the Jewish people --- Moses Maimonides --- Isaac Abravanel --- Rosh Amanah --- Hai Gaon --- Teshuvot ha-Ge'onim --- Anan Ben David --- Karaite law of Sabbath --- Mishneh Torah --- Abraham Ben David of Posquières --- Rabad --- Meir of Rothenburg --- Maharam --- martyrdom and suicide --- Joseph Karo --- Shulhan Arukh --- Bible commentary --- Rashi --- Rabbi Shlomo Itzhaki --- Abraham Ibn Ezra --- Ramban --- Rabbi Moses Ben Nahman --- Nahmanides --- poetry --- sacred and secular --- Eleazar Ben Kallir --- Zion and God --- Ephraim of Bonn --- Dunash Ben Labrat --- the wife of Dunash --- Yitzhaq Ibn Mar Sha'ul --- Spain --- Samuel Ha-Nagid --- Solomon Ibn Gabirol --- Moses Ibn Ezra --- Todros Abulafia --- piety --- Bahya Ibn Pakuda --- Hovot ha-Levavot --- asceticism --- Judah the Hassid --- Sefer Hassidim --- Gan Eden --- Eleazar of Worms --- Hasidic piety --- Ben Sirah --- Lilith --- Adam --- Sefer Rezial --- Rabbi Kalonymous --- women's spirituality --- Tekhines --- the Mitzvah --- women's Mitzvot and the female body --- Glückel of Hameln --- mysticism --- Moses de Léon and the rise of Kabbalah --- the Zohar --- Be-Reshit --- the Messiah --- Parashat Be-Reshit --- Isaac Luria and the transformation of Kabbalah in Palestine --- Luria on creation --- Luria on prayer --- Solomon Alkabetz --- Lekhah Dodi --- Dybbuk --- medieval Messianism --- politics and mysticism --- the Barcelona disputation --- Nathan of Gaza --- Raphael Joseph --- Sabbatai Zevi --- Abraham Miguel Cardozo --- Hasidism and its opponents --- Rabbi Israel Ben Eliezer --- Baal Shem Tov --- The Besht --- Rabbi Gershon --- the dance of the Hasidim --- the Lithuanian Jew and the Besht --- Zava'at ha-Rivash --- Keter Shem Tov --- Dov Baer, the Maggid of Meseritch --- Maggid Devarav Le-Yaakov --- Rabbi Levi Yitzhak of Berdichev --- Kedushat Levi --- Rabbi Menahem Mendel of Vitebsk --- Pri ha-Aretz --- the Zaddik --- Rabbi Nahman of Bratslav --- Kitzur Likutey Moharan --- Likutey Moharan Kama --- the Brody Proclamation --- Hayyim of Volozhin --- Nefesh ha-Hayyim --- Lishmah --- modern Judaism --- Baruch Spinoza --- Theology --- politics --- Moses Mendelssohn --- historicism --- Immanuel Wolf --- science of Judaism --- Nahman Krochmal --- Moreh Nevukhe ha-Zeman --- Heinrich Graetz --- history of the Jews --- the Diaspora and Jewish literature --- Gershom Scholem --- Yosef Hayim Yerushalmi --- Zakhor --- Jewish historicism --- nineteenth-century religious movements --- reform --- Samuel Holdheim --- Talmud and reform --- Abraham Geiger --- present-day Judaism --- orthodoxy --- Moses Sofer --- the Reformed Temple --- Moses Schick --- herecy --- Samson Raphael Hirsch --- Akiva Schlesinger --- Lev ha-Ivri --- Israel Meir Kagan Poupko --- the Hafetz Hayim --- Sefer Homat ha-Dat --- religious reform --- Zecharias Frankel --- changes in Judaism --- modern Halakhah --- Mishnah Berurah --- Moshe Feinstein --- Arthur H. Neulander --- the use of electricity on the Sabbath --- Rahel Morpurgo --- Emma Lazarus --- the Jewish synagogue at Newport --- the tradition in twentieth-century Jewish thought --- Hermann Cohen --- Hasidism and modern man --- Mordecai Kaplan --- Franz Rosenzweig --- Joseph Ber Soloveitchik --- Halakhic man --- Abraham Joshua Heschel --- feminist thinkers --- Alicia Ostriker --- Rachel Adler --- Halakhah and the Jewish woman --- theology of purity --- Sara Reguer --- Judith Plaskow --- Shoah --- Emil L. 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Chesterton --- Thomas Henry Huxley --- Agnosticism and Christianity --- Matthew Arnold --- Emily Dickinson --- Gerard Manley Hopkins --- David Livingstone --- missionary travels and researches in South Africa --- Albert Schweitzer --- Christianity and the religions of the world --- Jane Addams --- Wilfred Owen --- T.S. Elliot --- the Magi --- Bertrand Russell --- Karl Barth --- Reinhold Niebuhr --- the Christian Church --- pacifism --- Dietrich Bonhoeffer --- W.H. Auden --- Flossenburg --- William Temple --- Simone Weil --- Mother Maria Skobtsova --- Dorothy Day --- Paul Tillich --- Pierre Teilhard de Chardin --- Thomas Merton --- C.S. 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Al-Husayn --- Al-Bistami --- the Mi'raj --- Al-Hakim Al-Tirmidhi --- Abi Abd Allah --- the Sage of Tirmidh --- Al-Sulami --- pious Sufi women --- Ibn Al-'Arabi --- Mecca --- Rumi --- the Mathnavi --- Isma'ili devotional songs --- Ginans --- Venti --- Ruhani Visal --- Pir Hasan Kabir al-Din --- Sakhi mari atama na odhar --- Pir Sadr al-Din --- Mulla Sadra Shirazi --- Qasida --- the Arabic ode --- 'Alqama --- Persian lyricism --- Nizami --- Sa'di --- Hafiz --- Adab --- Al-Jahiz --- Ibn Hazm --- the thousand and one nights --- Dara Shukoh --- colonialism and postcolonialism --- Al-Jabarti --- Nana Asma'u --- Bello --- Muhammad 'Abduh --- the theology of unity --- the expansion of Islam --- Rashid Ahmad Gangohi --- fatwas on Hajj in British India --- Muhammad Iqbal --- Mahmud Shaltut --- Sayyid Qutb --- Jihaad --- Malcolm X --- religious reassertion --- Ruhollah Khomeini --- the Cultural Revolution --- Mohammed Arkoun --- human rights --- Usama Bin Ladin --- the World Islamic Front --- Ebrahim Moosa --- Sayyid Ahmad Khan --- the rights of women --- Al-Manar --- polygamy --- 'Ali Shari'ati --- Fatima Mernissi --- the veil and the male elite --- Amina Wadud --- Qur'an and woman --- religious pluralism --- Nurcholish Madjid --- Islamic faith and the problem of pluralism --- Fethullah Gülen --- Tariq Ramadan --- Western Muslims and the future of Islam --- interreligious dialogue